Russian court orders closure of country?s oldest human rights group

Russia's supreme court has ordered the closure of Memorial International, the country's oldest human rights group, in a watershed moment in Vladimir Putin's crackdown on independent thought.

The court ruled Memorial must be closed under Russia's controversial "foreign agent" legislation, which has targeted dozens of NGOs and media outlets seen as critical of the government.

Memorial was founded in the late 1980s to document political repressions carried out under the Soviet Union, building a database of victims of the Great Terror and gulag camps. The Memorial Human Rights Centre, a sister organisation that campaigns for the rights of political prisoners and other causes, is also facing liquidation for "justifying terrorism and extremism".

Memorial International's closure marks an inflection point in Russia's modern history, as efforts to publicise crimes under Soviet leaders such as Joseph Stalin have become taboo 30 years after the secret government archives were opened after the end of the Soviet Union. While not quite seeking a return to the Soviet past, Putin has become deeply sensitive to any criticism of it by groups including Memorial.

Genri Reznik, a lawyer who represented Memorial on Tuesday, called the decision to close it "political", adding that the hearing reminded him of the Soviet show trials of the 1930s.

The decision also follows a sustained assault on Russian civil society this year that has led to opposition leaders such as Alexei Navalny being imprisoned, prominent activists and journalists fleeing the country, and NGOs and media outlets hit with fines and closures under Russia's "foreign agents" and "undesirable" laws.

The judge, Alla Nazarova, ordered the organisation closed for "repeated" and "gross" violations of Russia's foreign agent laws, a designation Memorial has called politically motivated but nonetheless claimed to have followed.