‘The dumbest climate conversation of all time’: experts on the Musk-Trump interview

Donald Trump and Elon Musk both made discursive, often fact-free assertions about global heating, including that rising sea levels would create "more oceanfront property" and that there was no urgent need to cut carbon emissions, during an event labeled "the dumbest climate conversation of all time" by one prominent activist.

Trump, the Republican US presidential nominee, and Musk, the world's richest person, dwelled on the problem of the climate crisis during their much-hyped conversation on X, formerly known as Twitter and owned by Musk, on Monday, agreeing that the world has plenty of time to move away from fossil fuels, if at all.

"You sort of can't get away from it at this moment," Trump said of fossil fuels. "I think we have, you know, perhaps hundreds of years left. Nobody really knows." The former US president added that rising sea levels, caused by melting glaciers, would have the benefit of creating "more oceanfront property".

Trump, who famously once called the climate crisis a "hoax", also said it is a "disgrace" that Joe Biden's administration did not open up a vast Arctic wilderness in Alaska to oil drilling, claimed baselessly that farmers are having to give up their cattle because of climate edicts and that a far greater threat is posed by the prospect of nuclear war.

"The one thing that I don't understand is that people talk about global warming or they talk about climate change, but they never talk about nuclear warming," Trump pondered during the exchange.

Musk, meanwhile, said it was wrong to "vilify" the oil and gas industry, the key driver of planet-heating pollution, and that the only imperative to ditch fossil fuels was that they will one day run dry.

"If we were to stop using oil and gas right now, we would all be starving and the economy would collapse," said Musk, who is also chief executive of the electric car company Tesla. "We do over time want to move to a sustainable energy economy because eventually you do run out of oil and gas.

Musk said the main danger of allowing carbon dioxide to build up in the atmosphere was that at some point it will become difficult to breathe, causing "headaches and nausea" to people. This would occur with CO2 at about 1,000 parts per million of the Earth's atmosphere, more than double the current record-breaking concentrations.

Scientists have been clear that current global temperatures are hotter than at any point in human civilization, and probably long before this time too, which is causing mounting disastrous impacts in terms of heatwaves, droughts, floods and the destruction of the natural world.

Governments have agreed to restrain the global temperatures rise to 1.5C above the preindustrial era, with researchers warning of cascading catastrophes beyond this point. The world faces the steep task of rapidly cutting emissions in half this decade, and then to net zero by 2050, to avoid these worst impacts.

Despite Trump's claims of new beaches, sea levels are rising faster along the US coastline than the global average, with up to 1ft of sea level rise expected in the next 30 years - an increase that equals the total rise seen over the past century, US government scientists have found.

Instances of significant flooding have risen by 50% since the 1990s, with millions of Americans set to be affected as homes, highways and other infrastructure are inundated. In Florida, where Trump has his own coastal property at Mar-a-Lago, several insurers have decided to exit the state due to the increasing costs of flooding from the rising seas and fiercer storms.

Trump and Musk's discussion on the climate crisis, therefore, "spelunked down into entirely new levels of stupidity", according to Bill McKibben, a veteran climate activist and co-founder of 350.org. McKibben wrote it was "the dumbest climate conversation of all time".

"The damaging impacts of climate change, and in particular from more extreme weather events, such as wildfires, floods, heatwaves, more intense hurricanes, are actually in many respects exceeding the predictions made just a decade ago," said Michael Mann, a leading climate scientist and author. "It is sad that Elon Musk has become a climate change denier, but that's what he is. He's literally denying what the science has to say here."

Mann said that if CO2 levels get so high breathing becomes difficult, then the impacts of the climate crisis "will be so devastating as to have already caused societal collapse. It's actually Elon's ill-informed and ill-premised statements that are causing headaches and nausea."

Mann added that Trump's statement that sea level rise will lead to more oceanfront property "does not betray a lack of understanding of climate physics. It betrays a lack of understanding of grade school geometry."

During his election campaigning, Trump has routinely denigrated electric vehicles but has recently changed his stance towards them after an endorsement from Musk, who previously described himself as a moderate Democrat.

Trump, the former president convicted of 34 felonies, has vowed to undo the "lunacy" of Biden's climate policies should he return to the White House, with his presidency expected to unleash a glut of new oil and gas drilling, accelerate gas exports and remove the US, once again, from the Paris climate agreement.