The crisis unfolding in America?s Christmas tree capital

It happened overnight. Larry Ryerson, 78, woke up on a Sunday morning in late June in Medford, southern Oregon, to find thousands of seedlings on his 10-acre Christmas tree farm dying.Their bright green coloring had drained away after a day of triple digit temperatures. And over the next two days, as temperatures climbed as high as 115F, Ryerson watched the young trees, many just over a foot tall, turn brown and die."It just kind of breaks your heart that you go out there and one day they're nice fresh-looking trees, and the next day, they're wilted and turning colors," said Ryerson, who co-owns U Cut Christmas Tree Farm with his sister. "And there's nothing you can do about it."Ryerson estimated that he lost 4,500 trees and was only able to keep his u-cut open for three days this year because of the lack of inventory. His business, which has been around for almost four decades, typically opens around Thanksgiving and continues to sell all the way through Christmas Day.

"I just feel so sorry that a lot of people come up here year after year to get their own tree and we're one of the few tree farms left in the valley," he said. Ryerson isn't alone. Christmas tree farms across Oregon, the nation's largest producer, have found themselves in a precarious position after a year of extreme weather.

A deadly "heat dome" pummeled the Pacific northwest beginning in late June, shattering heat records in Oregon and the surrounding area, and a drought engulfed the state for months. The heat and drought are estimated to have wiped out millions of trees across the state, most of them seedlings, leaving farmers to navigate the fallout of what several described as the worst summer in memory.

Some, like Ryerson's farm, saw huge swaths of their crops destroyed, while others were left with rows and rows of trees with entire sides scalded or new growth withered.And with the changing climate, this will not be the last year of extreme weather. Now, some Christmas tree farmers across the state have started taking steps to prepare for a future in which the climate may be much less hospitable to their industry.

Tom Norby, the president of the Oregon Christmas Tree Growers Association and owner of the Trout Creek Tree Farm, says such changes could include planting cover crops, or experimenting with growing types of trees more resistant to the heating climate.

Norby's own farm had minimal loss this past year, which he attributed to planting grass between each of his trees, which helped to keep moisture in the soil and block heat from radiating up to the trees. But some changes may have to be more dramatic, such as planting months earlier, or even relocating farms farther north."Frankly," said Norby, "in 100 years, it may be in British Columbia."

This past summer, it was the timing of the heatwave that made it especially lethal. It struck early in the summer, mere months after seedlings were planted and right in the middle of the crop's peak growth period.At the same time, prolonged dry periods, which have become increasingly common in the region, were already making seedling survival a challenge (Christmas tree farms typically don't irrigate, due to their location and the fact that the trees normally haven't needed it).