End of Title 42 immigration policy has brought fewer migrants than expected, but overcrowding concerns remain

The expiration of a Covid-related border restriction policy known as Title 42 has so far brought fewer migrant arrivals than expected, southern border communities have reported, but concerns remain about overcrowded migrant processing and detention facilities.

"Until we see the numbers at the border patrol custody centers go down, this is when we can say the episode has passed," he said.

"Because we don't have the pediatric intensive care unit in our city, that makes it concerning, because as it is we're at capacity most of the time in our hospitals and ambulances sometimes have to wait outside the emergency room for one or two hours before we can treat patients," he said.

Title 42 is a controversial Trump-era policy from the start of the Covid-19 pandemic that allowed authorities to swiftly turn away migrants encountered at the US-Mexico border. The policy ended Thursday night along with the national coronavirus public health emergency.

Officials had warned that its end could result in a migrant surge that would exacerbate an already challenging humanitarian crisis at the southern border. Federal and local authorities prepared for an influx, with thousands of personnel from federal agencies dispatched to the border to support local authorities.

"Over the last week, the ten day average encounters is 9,087, with May 8, 9, 10 and all surpassing 10,000 apprehensions with a daily in custody average of 23,646," a senior Customs and Border Protection official said in a court filing Friday.

Authorities had projected migrant encounters to surge to an average of 2,000-14,000 a day, said one official, Matthew J. Hudak, deputy chief of the US Border Patrol.

"It's not the numbers we initially expected, and we hope it keeps that way," said Mayor Javier Villalobos of McAllen, which sits along the US-Mexico border in South Texas.

In El Paso - which has seen hundreds of migrants sleeping on sidewalks after a recent spike in arrivals - Mayor Oscar Leeser said the city has so far seen a "smooth transition" out of Title 42 but is still preparing for what the future may hold.

"We know that we still need to prepare for the unknown because we don't know what's going to happen next week and continue to happen day in and day out," Lesser said.

His community is currently getting the resources it needs from the state and federal government, he said on "Face the Nation" on Sunday.

"We all know the immigration process is broken, there's no ifs and buts about it, but we are getting the resources that we need because our city and the southern border couldn't do it without federal aid," Leeser said.

While border officials did not see a substantial influx of migrants Friday, US authorities warn that detention facilities could still become dangerously overcrowded. As of Friday afternoon, about 23,400 migrants were in Border Patrol custody, slightly lower than earlier in the week, according to a Homeland Security official.

Many who head to the US make long and dangerous journeys in hopes of finding better, safer lives. Experts say migrants could be fleeing violence, immigrating for economic opportunities or to reunite with family members.

Thousands of migrants for weeks took refuge around El Paso's Sacred Heart Church ahead of the expiration of Title 42. Father Rafael Garcia, the pastor at the church, said the numbers of migrants have dwindled in the past few days.

"The numbers have really gone down," Garcia told CNN's Jim Acosta on Saturday. "I don't have answers, but the fact is around our church and even within our shelter, our numbers have gone down and we're taking it day by day. "

The majority of migrants his church has encountered recently had traveled from Venezuela, where some described struggling to survive on the equivalent of $5 to $10 a month, the pastor said.

"It's not an easy decision for them to come, but they all believe they cannot survive back home," he added. "Their desire, typically from everybody, they say 'I want to work. I want to be able to start a new life. I want to send money back to family still in Venezuela.' That's pretty much the common theme."

Migrants arriving at the El Paso church also describe a dangerous journey to get there, Garcia said.

"Some have been kidnapped, some have been harassed in different ways," he said.

Those arriving at his church include injured people who need emergency care, Garcia said, as well as pregnant mothers in their third trimester of pregnancy, who have made the arduous trek through Mexico for a chance to immigrate to the US.

"It's a real crisis. It's a real human crisis," he said.

"To do this, it must be a real serious need to say, 'I have to leave my country. I can no longer be there,'" the pastor said. "That has to be taken into account."

Those who make it to a border checkpoint arrive not knowing whether they will qualify for asylum or be sent back to Mexico or their home countries.

With Title 42 now expired, US authorities are leaning more on Title 8, a decades-old protocol for asylum seekers which could carry lengthier processing times and more severe consequences for those crossing unlawfully.

The federal plan was dealt a setback Thursday when a federal judge in Florida temporarily blocked the Biden administration from releasing migrants from Border Patrol without court notices. The ruling impedes a key administration tool for managing the number of migrants in US custody.

Hudak warned in the filing that without measures to conditionally release some migrants, Border Patrol could have over 45,000 migrants in custody by the end of the month.

"Noncitizens held in overcrowded facilities are not only vulnerable to communicable diseases, but this vulnerability is likely to be compounded by some aspects of the noncitizens' journey including poor health and nutrition, lack of access to health care, and/or inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene services while migrating to the Southwest border," the filing says.

CNN's Priscilla Alvarez, Paradise Afshar, Elizabeth Wolfe, Ray Sanchez and Homero De la Fuente contributed to this report.